• cAMP mediated signaling pathways are important for maintaini

  2021-07-15

  

  cAMP-mediated signaling pathways are important for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, and the effects of the glucagon/catecholamine–cAMP–PKA axis on energy balance have been well documented [20]. For example, news of the PKA 2β regulatory subunit (RIIβ) in mice leads to increased expression of unco

• EPAC induces SOCS gene expression

  2021-07-15

  

  EPAC1 induces SOCS3 gene expression in VECs, resulting in suppression of the JAK–STAT activation initiated by the sIL-6Rα/IL-6 trans-signalling complex [67]. EPAC1 regulates SOCS3 gene induction through the activation of C/EBP and c-Jun transcription factors, which interact directly with the SOCS3 p

• An Ubl modification requires several

  2021-07-15

  

  An Ubl modification requires several steps that are catalyzed by three enzymes, referred to as E1 (activating enzyme), E2 (conjugation enzyme), and E3 (ligase). The SUMO E1 is a heterodimer of SAE1 and Uba2 (also known as SAE2). In brief, an Ubl is first activated by E1 through ATP hydrolysis and fo

• To our knowledge this is

  2021-07-15

  

  To our knowledge, this is the first report of an oncocytoma expressing alpha-enolase or causing autoimmune retinopathy and optic neuropathy. Although generally considered benign, oncocytomas have rarely been associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, including tumor-induced hypertension, erythrocytos

• Cyclosporine NEORAL Oral Solution Novartis is an immunosuppr

  2021-07-15

  

  Cyclosporine (NEORAL® Oral Solution, Novartis) is an immunosuppressant widely used in organ transplantation and many other clinical conditions [12]. It undergoes extensive hepatic and intestinal biotransformation mainly via the metabolizing enzyme, CYP3A4 [[12], [13], [14], [15]]. Considering the na

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Oxidative

  2021-07-15

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Oxidative stress is a disturbance in the balance of pro- and antioxidant species, resulting in oxidative damage to membrane proteins, lipids, and DNA. Oxidative stress is a predisposing factor for the progression of metabolic diseases and liver injur

• The loss of secondary mutation T M mutation after AR

  2021-07-15

  

  The loss of secondary mutation T790M mutation after AR and SCLC transformation was also reported for Rociletinib. Piotrowska et al. using the MGH NGS platform recently reported in 13 biopsies among 12 EGFR T790M+ patients progressing after treatment with Rociletinib the loss of EGFR T790M mutation i

• The host virus coexistence is completely

  2021-07-15

  

  The host-virus coexistence is completely dependent on the balance between a strong immune response inhibiting virus replication and immune evasion and survival of the virus with periodic shedding to enable transmission to new hosts. In the process of ensuring this balance, the virus manipulates 7TM

• br A brief introduction to DUBs The reversal of ubiquitin

  2021-07-15

  

  A brief introduction to DUBs The reversal of ubiquitin conjugation of targeted proteins relies on deubiquitinating lysophospholipid receptor (DUBs), which catalytically cleave single Ub or poly-ubiquitin chains from proteins. The human genome encodes approximately 100 potential DUBs which can be

• A range of inhibitors were therefore synthesized containing

  2021-07-15

  

  A range of inhibitors were therefore synthesized containing either carboxylic ISO-1 or ester functionality at the ‘tail’ group as well as variations in the ‘head.’ These were assayed in vitro using the DCIP assay for binding affinity against and human DHODH at 50μM, respectively (). Analysis of t

• Widely expressed mammalian adhesion receptors for fibrillar

  2021-07-15

  

  Widely expressed mammalian adhesion receptors for fibrillar collagens include the α2β1- and α11β1-integrins and the discoidin domain receptors (DDRs), DDR1 and DDR2 (Leitinger, 2011). Integrins and DDRs bind distinct and separate motifs in native fibrillar collagen (Curat et al., 2001, Vogel et al.,

• br Acknowledgements br Membrane bound proton

  2021-07-15

  

  Acknowledgements Membrane-bound proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (H-PPase; EC 3.6.1.1) belong to a recently identified category of proton pumps, distinct from F-, P-, and V-ATPases, which utilize pyrophosphate hydrolysis as the driving force for H movement across biological membr

• Yet the standards fall back on the

  2021-07-14

  

  Yet, the standards fall back on the development process with justification. As shown by Littlewood and Strigini (1993), the extent to which the reliability of software (both OTS and bespoke) can be proved by testing is severely limited––not because appropriate tests cannot be devised, but because ad

• The COMT gene is involved in numerous psychological and

  2021-07-14

  

  The COMT gene is involved in numerous psychological and physiologic processes, including modulation of pain. Polymorphisms in this gene have also been associated with many painful conditions, including pain sensitivity in children. Bivariate analysis demonstrated that individuals with heterozygous C

• br Acknowledgements br The oxygenation level has an impact

  2021-07-14

  

  Acknowledgements The oxygenation level has an impact on various aspects of skin physiology, but mechanisms of these effects, including the role of hypoxia in epidermal differentiation, are still poorly understood. The main components of the hypoxia pathway are short-lived transcription factor H

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